OOP in Python: Classes and Objects

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OOP in Python: Classes and Objects

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a fundamental programming paradigm that structures code using "objects"—bundles of data and behavior. In Python, OOP helps create modular, reusable, and organized code through classes and objects.

What is a Class?

A class is like a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods) that the objects will have.

python

class Dog:

    def __init__(self, name, breed):

        self.name = name

        self.breed = breed

    def bark(self):

        print(f"{self.name} says woof!")

Here, Dog is a class with two attributes (name, breed) and one method (bark).

What is an Object?

An object is an instance of a class. It holds real data and can use the class methods.

python

my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")

my_dog.bark()  # Output: Buddy says woof!

Benefits of OOP in Python

Encapsulation: Groups related data and functions together.

Reusability: Classes can be reused and extended.

Abstraction: Hides complex implementation details.

Inheritance: New classes can inherit from existing ones.

Polymorphism: Objects can share methods with different implementations.

Example of Inheritance

python

class Animal:

    def speak(self):

        print("Makes a sound")

class Cat(Animal):

    def speak(self):

        print("Meow")

kitty = Cat()

kitty.speak()  # Output: Meow

Python’s OOP capabilities make it easier to write clean and maintainable code. Whether you're building a game, a web app, or automation scripts, understanding classes and objects is essential for mastering Python. 

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