Python Conditional Statements (if, elif, else)
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Understanding Python Conditional Statements (if, elif, else)
Conditional statements are a fundamental concept in programming that allow you to execute certain blocks of code based on specific conditions. In Python, conditional statements are written using if, elif, and else. These keywords control the flow of your program, helping it "decide" what to do based on given criteria.
1. The if Statement
The if statement evaluates a condition: if the condition is True, the code block underneath it is executed.
python
age = 18
if age >= 18:
print("You are eligible to vote.")
In the example above, since age is 18, the condition age >= 18 is True, so the message is printed.
2. The elif Statement
elif stands for "else if". It allows you to check multiple expressions for True, one by one. If the condition for if is False, Python checks the elif condition.
python
score = 75
if score >= 90:
print("Grade: A")
elif score >= 75:
print("Grade: B")
elif score >= 60:
print("Grade: C")
else:
print("Grade: F")
Here, the program checks conditions from top to bottom and executes the first one that is True.
3. The else Statement
The else clause catches anything not caught by the preceding conditions. It runs only when none of the if or elif conditions are met.
python
temperature = 30
if temperature > 35:
print("It's a hot day.")
elif temperature > 25:
print("It's a warm day.")
else:
print("It's a cool day.")
In this case, since temperature is 30, only the elif block runs.
Why Use Conditional Statements?
They help make decisions within the code.
They allow dynamic behavior depending on user input or data.
They enhance the logical flow and interactivity of applications.
Conclusion
Python’s conditional statements — if, elif, and else — are essential for building logic into your applications. Mastering these will help you control the behavior of your programs, enabling them to respond intelligently to varying inputs or conditions. As you write more Python code, you'll find yourself using conditionals in almost every project.
Keywords: Python conditionals, Python if statement, elif, else, decision-making in Python, Python control flow, beginner Python tutorial.
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