Python Control Structures: if, for, while
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Understanding Python Control Structures: if, for, while
Control structures are essential building blocks in Python that guide the flow of your program. Three of the most fundamental ones are if, for, and while.
1. if Statements – Making Decisions
The if statement allows your program to make decisions. It evaluates a condition, and if it’s true, executes a block of code. You can also use elif (else if) and else for more complex decision-making.
python
x = 10
if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")
elif x == 5:
print("x is equal to 5")
else:
print("x is less than 5")
2. for Loops – Iterating Over Sequences
The for loop is used to iterate over a sequence like a list, tuple, or string.
python
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)
You can also use range() to loop a specific number of times:
python
for i in range(5):
print(i)
3. while Loops – Repeating Until a Condition Changes
The while loop runs as long as a condition remains true. It's useful when you don't know in advance how many times you'll need to loop.
python
count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1
Conclusion
Mastering control structures is key to writing flexible and efficient Python code. Whether you’re making decisions with if, looping with for, or repeating actions with while, these tools give you the power to control how your code behaves.
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